Flood coping methods have developed among people in the Middle East and Asia, through the construction of dams and engineering works that include reducing the risk and damage of floods, in addition to improving river channels, preserving wetlands and forests, and other means that will be mentioned in the following:
Engineering Works
Engineering works include all projects that control floods, and these engineering works include the construction of dams, storm barriers, gates, pumps, and the construction of locks on estuaries and bays, these engineering works aim to protect areas from flood hazards.
These engineering works need central planning because they affect some areas by improving the waterway or building structures, and they also require huge sums of money, hence they need governmental, local, and regional support.
Damming construction
These dams work to control the flooding of rivers, specifically the rivers that pass through the vast inhabited plains, these dams are built along the edge of the river to prevent water from leaking around them during the flood, and the dams block the watercourse to remain in its course, which increases the water level in the river, and long-rooted weeds are planted on the borders of the dam to prevent erosion.
Movable barriers
These barriers are represented in the construction of mobile gates that can be built across rivers, estuaries, or water bodies, in natural times these gates remain open to allow the passage of river currents, tides, and boats, but when the water level rises, the gates are temporarily closed, creating a solid barrier to flood waters.
River Canal Improvements
This step includes widening and deepening river channels to increase their ability to absorb the quantities of water entering them, and some changes are made to the shape of the river by making a straight ring that dispenses with the river's zigzags in some areas, which contributes to shortening the river, accelerating its flow, and lowering water levels upstream.
Public awareness and education
Public awareness and education should be provided at the international level, through the development of tools that facilitate access to flood information to assess and understand flood risks, allowing preventive strategies, training people to cope with floods, and estimating potential losses and flood flow conditions.
Emergency warning systems must be provided, people should be involved in flood security in countries with frequent floods, and flood kits, such as sandbags, makeshift barriers, pumps, food, and water.
Installation of flood insulation
These insulators are represented in closing all openings leading to the house by installing waterproofing barriers, specifically on windows and doors, in addition to installing insulating and sealing materials on the walls, as these materials strengthen the walls and increase their resistance to withstand pressures from floodwater.
This step consists in turning the lower parts of the house, which are often not in use, into flood-resistant places, opening these places and allowing flood water to enter through them reduces the potential damage that may be caused to the building.