Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
Most of the features of the ancient Seven Wonders of the World are not still standing due to many different reasons that have passed through history.
Whether those caused by man, such as wars, or by natural factors, such as earthquakes and weather factors, these monuments and wonders are still present in people’s minds and imaginations, even after a long period of time has passed since their disappearance, through telling different stories about them and imagining what they were like.
Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt
The Pyramid of Giza or the Pyramid of Khufu (modern name: The Great Pyramid) is the only landmark whose remains remain to this day among the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, as it is located in New Cairo in Egypt, specifically in the Giza Governorate.
The construction of this great architectural edifice began during the reign of Pharaoh Khufu, and its construction continued for approximately 20 years until it was completed in the year 2560 BC.
The pyramid ranks first among the oldest seven wonders of the ancient world, and the opinions of researchers differed about the method of building this engineering marvel.
The enormous size of this pyramid and the high precision in its construction led to the emergence of many theories about how it was built and constructed, some of which indicate that approximately twenty thousand workers worked continuously and with unparalleled effort for twenty years to complete the construction of the Giza Pyramid.
The Giza Pyramid is considered one of three pyramids dedicated to the ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu and his wives.
It includes many internal corridors and rooms that are believed to have been built to house the pharaoh’s coffin and what he might need to live in the afterlife - as the Pharaohs believed - and this pyramid was built from a number of It is a large stone block of enormous weight.
It is believed that it consists of about 2.3 million large stones, the weight of each of which exceeds 2 tons, and some of which reach 15 tons.
Studies and theories differed as to how these stone blocks were raised to high heights, as it reached a height above the surface of The Earth approximately 146 meters, but the removal of its summit made its length approximately 139 meters.
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon are considered the royal gardens of King Nebuchadnezzar II, and one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
They were built in the Iraqi city of Babylon, while some other narratives indicate that they were located in Nineveh Governorate.
There are many narratives and stories that describe the greatness and splendor of the construction in those gardens.
One of the accounts attributed to the Greek historian Herodotus indicates that the gardens of Babylon were surrounded by outer walls that were 90 km long, approximately 24 meters thick, and 97.5 meters high, in addition to their double inner walls, which contained within them many places of worship, castles, and statues made of Pure gold, and regardless of the veracity of the narrative of Herodotus and others, it generally refers to the grandeur of the building and the magnificence of its construction that was felt by its visitors, and these gardens have become a memory of history.
This is a result of the earthquake that struck it in the second century BC.
Statue of Zeus at Olympia
What is known as the Statue of Zeus is considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
It was built as a tribute to the god Zeus by the Greek sculptor Phidias and a team of his assistants in the year 432 BC in the Greek city of Olympia.
It was also carved in a Greek temple to reach its height.
Approximately 12 AD on a large wooden base.
Gold and ivory formed the body of the statue, which held in its left hand a scepter studded with all kinds of metals, and in its right hand a small statue of the Greek goddess of victory bearing the name Nike.
As for the throne on which he sits, it is made of A mixture of gemstones, gold, and ebony.
Temple of Artemis
The construction of the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, dates back to the sixth century BC, specifically in the Hellenistic era, and although its remains currently constitute only the remains of the foundation on which the temple was built in the city of Ephesus or Ephesus, which is currently located in Turkey, the London Museum The Britannian contains in its exhibitions some of the remains of this edifice.
The structure of Artemis was made entirely of marble and contained many huge columns, in addition to those surrounding it, which numbered 36 columns.
It was also rebuilt many times, the first of which was in the second century BC. Birth.
Mausoleum of Mausolus
The Mausoleum of Mausolus is considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
It was established shortly after the year 367 AD.
Some believe that its construction dates back to Mausolus, the ruler of the province of Caria and the founder of the city of Halicarnassus - which is located in Turkey today - at that time.
He was buried there after his death as a reward for founding this temple.
The city and the Mausoleum of Mausolus contain three main components that make up it, which are: the huge hall that contains the tomb room, a group of columns numbering up to 36 of the Ionic style, and the pyramid that includes 24 steps.
The total height of this shrine reached approximately 43 meters, It was also decorated with many different inscriptions that carry many symbolic meanings referring to hunting, battles, and sacrifices.
Statue of Rhodes
The Statue of Rhodes is considered the tallest and largest statue during the Hellenistic period. It was built on the Greek island of Rhodes, which was considered of commercial and economic importance.
The story of the creation of this statue began when Antigonius of Macedon sent forces to punish Rhodes for its alliance with Baltimius I, King of Egypt.
The war between the two parties continued after That lasted for a whole year, and after the end of this year, Baltemius sent relief to Rhodes to defeat Antigonius’s soldiers, who numbered 40,000 fighters, leaving behind their equipment and weapons.
The people of Rhodes sold this huge equipment so that they could create a huge statue to thank their gods for the victory - as they believed -, so it was done.
The construction of a statue of the sun god Helios in Rhodes.
This edifice remained tall until it collapsed in an earthquake that led to its shattering.
Lighthouse of Alexandria
The Lighthouse of Alexandria is the last of the Seven Wonders of the World to be destroyed as a result of many seismic tremors that destroyed it and turned most of it into ruins.
The Lighthouse of Alexandria is located on the island of Pharos, located within the Alexandria Governorate in Egypt.
Paltimius I was the one who had the idea of establishing it, but his death prevented this.
So his son began the construction work, which continued for an estimated period of 33 years and at a very high financial cost
After the completion of the construction work, its height reached 91.44 meters, making it one of the greatest and tallest building edifices built by man.
This lighthouse was lit daily by lighting a fire at its top. Or you did it.
New 7 Wonders of the World
The New Seven Wonders were announced in 2007 AD, specifically on the seventh day of July, after the global movement known as “New7Wonders” launched a global vote that was launched from the city of Lisbon to choose seven new wonders of our current era, and they were chosen after more voting. One hundred million people to choose from.
Chichen Itza, Mexico
Chichen Itza is one of the most prominent landmarks of the Mayan civilization that was established on the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula.
Its construction was an example of many different building arts that combined the arts of the Mayan civilization and the building arts of Mexico.
This city, whose history spanned nearly a thousand years, witnessed the succession of many different civilizations, making it a center for regional trade and urban development.
This city contains a football field measuring 70 meters wide and 168 meters long, and it has witnessed many rubber ball matches taking place.
Statue of Christ the Redeemer
The statue of Christ the Redeemer in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro is considered one of the New Seven Wonders of the World, and the most famous symbol of this city.
The idea of its construction goes back to the priest Pedro Maria Boss in the fifties of the nineteenth century, who proposed establishing a Christian landmark that would work to strengthen the presence of Christianity in Brazil, after The church was separated from the state after its system of government became a republic in the year 1893 AD, and the statue of Christ the Redeemer was erected on the top of Mount Corcovado, which is approximately 700 meters high.
It is worth noting that the height of the statue is approximately 30 meters without its base, while it reaches 38 meters when counting the base.
Italian Colosseum, Rome
The Colosseum is considered the largest amphitheater in the Roman Empire for nearly two thousand years, as it is 190 meters long and 155 meters wide.
It contains three floors with arched entrances and corridors decorated in the classical Corinthian architecture system.
The Colosseum building is oval in shape and made of stone and concrete.
It is one of the most famous Historical landmarks in the Italian capital, Rome; It is visited by approximately four million people annually.
The Colosseum can accommodate approximately fifty thousand people and contains an arena in which many entertainment, sporting, and cultural events are held.
The outer walls were subjected to some damage as a result of a strong earthquake, and in 2011 AD maintenance and restoration work was carried out.
This is why the amphitheater aims to protect its walls from ruin and decay.
Great Wall of China
The Great Wall of China extends over a distance of 8,851 km and was formed as a result of connecting many separate walls that were built to protect the Chinese state from the attacks it was exposed to from the northern side, by the Chinese Emperor Qin Shi Huang in the year 200 BC. The borders of the northern side were built.
The first and oldest of these walls was built in the period extending from 700 to 300 BC. This wall was also fortified by converting its walls, which were made of soil and rocks, into solid stone walls.
After the Manchu invasion of China in the year 1644 AD, the weak parts fell into The Great Wall of China has recently been restored by rebuilding some of its collapsed parts.
Machu Pichu, Peru
Machu Picchu - the lost city - is located between the Andes mountain ranges in the Cusco region of Peru, at an altitude of 2,430 meters above sea level, and covers an area of approximately 323.74 km2.
The walls, terraces, and stairs of this city blend with nature, and its design, construction, and advanced irrigation systems attest.
It is based on the ingenuity of the Inca people in agriculture and architecture, as its construction dates back to the fifteenth century.
It is worth noting that the entire city was built of large granite stones stacked on top of each other without any materials connecting them. Historically, the credit for its discovery goes back to a series of stages and maps.
Drawn by travelers during the years between 1868 AD and 1919 AD, it was officially recognized by the Peruvian government in 1874 AD through a map drawn by the German geologist Hermann Goering, and in 1911 AD the American explorer Hiram Bingham claimed his true discovery of the site of Machu Picchu, which was described on It is the lost city, and 70 years after this great discovery, the Peruvian government declared this site a state-protected area, and UNESCO included Machu Picchu on the list of world cultural heritage sites in 1983 AD.
Petra city, Jordan
The city of Petra is located in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in a valley descending between the sandy mountains, where its strategic location was a meeting point between the Arabian Peninsula from the south and the Levant from the north.
During successive historical eras, Petra was the capital of the Nabataeans, one of the Arab tribes that made it a prosperous place.
And commercially important, which made the city of Petra a suitable place for residence. They dug houses, temples, and various tombs among the sandstones that changed color due to the rays of the sun.
The Nabataeans also carved them from pink rocks. In addition, the Nabataeans made a special irrigation system. To water crops and public gardens.
This city is also distinguished by its charm, ancient cultural heritage, and unique architecture.
In addition, Petra includes many archaeological monuments, including the Siq and the Treasury.
Taj Mahal, India
The Taj Mahal is located in the city of Agra in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is one of the places that symbolize eternal and steadfast love.
The Taj Mahal shrine was built to express the intensity of the love of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan towards his wife, the Persian princess Mumtaz Mahal, who was called Arjumand Banu Begum before marriage.
This monument was built entirely of white marble, with carved walls, and four minarets, in addition to a swimming pool that beautifully reflects his image.
It is said that 20,000 sculptors, builders, and artists contributed to this wonderful work.
The 7 Natural Wonders of the World
There was consensus to approve these areas as natural wonders in 1997 AD, and they are represented by the following areas:
Grand Canyon, Arizona
The Grand Canyon is a national park and a World Heritage Site in the US state of Arizona.
It represents one of the most beautiful and distinctive natural wonders with a vast natural area. It was formed as a result of the erosion of the edges of the rocks of the Colorado Plateau by the Colorado River, revealing a successive group of different layers of rocks that succeeded each other over the years.
As a result of the height of the Grand Canyon and its distinctive climate, it is considered a suitable place for many lovers of nature and tranquility.
It is also considered a sacred homeland for many American Indian peoples, in addition to attracting many tourists to enjoy the beauty of its wonderful view.
Paricutin volcano
Paricutin Volcano is one of the newest volcanoes on Earth. It is located in the central-western side of Mexico in the western state of Michoacán, to the northern side of Tancitaro Peak.
Paricutin Volcano is 32 km away from the Uruapan region on the western and northwestern side. It began its activity on February 20.
From 1943 AD in an open field; Fire, ash, and lava emerged from it, causing heavy losses, including the burying of two villages and hundreds of homes.
A year after the explosion of this volcano, its conical summit rose by 450 meters to form a high cone whose total height reached 2,280 meters above sea level.
In 1952, the volcano became It is inactive after reaching a height of 2,808 meters. It is worth noting that the partially buried Church of San Juan Parangaricutero, located on the edge of the village of Paricutin, is considered one of the attractive tourist attractions in this area.
Northern lights
The aurora borealis, or what is called the Aurora phenomenon, is a combination of attractive colors in the sky that captivates the viewer in the northern and southern poles of the Earth.
This phenomenon occurs as a result of the collision of gaseous particles between the Earth’s atmosphere and charged particles emanating from the atmosphere surrounding the sun, resulting in these collisions.
Beautiful colored lights vary depending on the type of gases colliding with each other, and among the most visible colors are: pink and pale green, in addition to spectra of other colors such as red, yellow, green, blue, and violet, which appear to the viewer in several shapes such as spots or clouds.
Scattered, or arcs, their height ranges from 80 km to 640 km above the surface of the Earth, which makes the sky glow naturally, strangely, and picturesquely.
Victoria Falls
Victoria Falls is located in the Zambezi River, which is the largest river in South Africa. Its width is 1,700 meters, and its height reaches 108 meters, making it the largest waterfall in the world.
These waterfalls divide the Zambezi River into two parts, one of which is the wide, shallow river known as the Upper Zambezi River.
The second part is the sloping Patoka Strait, which is 100 km long.
Rio de Janeiro port
The port of Rio de Janeiro, or the January River as it is called in Portuguese, or Guanabara Bay, was found in the state of Brazil.
It is the largest bay in the world relative to the volume of water flowing in it. The reason for its inception is due to the erosion that occurred in the Atlantic Ocean due to erosion and erosion factors.
The port of Rio de Janeiro is distinguished by being surrounded by compact granite mountains, such as the well-known Pao de Acucar Mountain, which has a height of 395 meters, and Mount Corcovado, which has a height of 704 meters, in addition to the Tijuca Forest and the Pico da Tijuca Peak, which has a height of 1,021 meters.
The Guanabara Bay region also contains many picturesque islands. , such as Snake Island and Gouverneur Island.
The Great Barrier Reef
The Great Barrier Reef is located in Australia, opposite the coast of Queensland, and is considered a World Heritage Area, the largest coral reef system in the world, and even the largest area for the diversity of living organisms on this great planet with an area so vast that it can be distinguished when viewed from space, as its area is About 344,400 km2.
The Great Barrier Reef is distinguished by its turquoise color, which colors its waters, and the diversity and diversity of its environments, as it contains 600 tropical islands and more than 900 different islands, such as Whitsunday Island, Lizard Island, and Heron Island, in addition to its sparkling coral reefs of different types, as It contains 3,000 individual coral reef systems, 760 marginal coral reefs, i.e. near the coast, and approximately 300 hard coral reefs.
As a result of this wonderful and unique diversity, a fertile environment has been created to become a home for many marine organisms such as plants and animals, especially sea turtles and fish.
Which live among coral reefs, in addition to 134 different species of sharks and stingrays, and huge quantities of different seaweeds.
Mount Everest
Mount Everest is located between Tibet and Nepal and is the highest mountain on Earth within the Himalayas, with a height of approximately 8.8 km.
The history of the formation of Mount Everest goes back about 60 million years, as a result of the movement of the Earth’s plates.
Mount Everest was named after the British surveyor and geographer-general of India. George Everest
Mount Everest is one of the natural challenges that attracts climbing enthusiasts, despite the difficulty of climbing it due to the difficult factors that surround it, such as strong winds, lack of oxygen at high altitudes, and avalanches, but this did not constitute an obstacle for more than 700 people to reach the summit.
Although 150 deaths were recorded while climbing, Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay were the first to reach the summit of Everest in 1953.
Seven Wonders of the World
Civilizations throughout the ages have created many buildings, tombs, temples, and churches, in addition to mosques and many other landmarks, which led to the emergence of the concept of the Seven Wonders of the World, which refers to the seven most impressive and surprising ancient buildings in the world.
It has been done since ancient times. Created several lists, each of which included landmarks different from each other, so that in the end those that were classified by ancient Greek historians were approved to form the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
Recently, the American Society of Civil Engineers chose seven new landmarks to form the new Seven Wonders of the World.